Sunscreen 101: What SPF Means and How to Protect Your Skin

Summer means more time outdoors, whether you are heading to the pool, working in the yard or enjoying a walk around the neighborhood. While sunlight can feel good, too much exposure can damage your skin. Using sunscreen correctly is one of the easiest ways to stay protected.

Understanding UV rays

The sun gives off ultraviolet radiation, commonly called UV rays. Two main types reach your skin: UVA and UVB.

UVA rays can contribute to wrinkles, age spots and other signs of early skin aging. UVB rays are the main cause of sunburn. Both types can damage skin cells and increase the risk of skin cancer over time.

UV rays can reach your skin even on cloudy or cooler days, so sun protection is not only for hot, sunny afternoons. People of every skin tone can experience sun damage and should take steps to protect their skin.

What does SPF mean?

SPF stands for sun protection factor. The number tells you how well a sunscreen filters UVB rays, the rays most responsible for sunburn.

SPF 15 filters about 93% of UVB rays, while SPF 30 filters about 97%. No sunscreen blocks 100% of UV rays, and a higher SPF does not mean you can stay outside all day without reapplying.

The American Academy of Dermatology recommends choosing a sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher. You should also look for the words “broad spectrum” on the label. Broad-spectrum sunscreen protects against both UVA and UVB rays, giving your skin more complete protection.

If you plan to swim, exercise or spend time outside in the Texas heat, choose a water-resistant sunscreen. Keep in mind that no sunscreen is waterproof. Water-resistant products are tested to remain effective on wet skin for either 40 or 80 minutes, which should be listed on the label.

Sunscreen is only one layer of protection

Sunscreen works best when it is part of a larger sun-safety plan. Seek shade when possible, especially around midday when UV rays are strongest. Wear lightweight clothing that covers your skin, a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses that offer UV protection.

Even a high-SPF sunscreen will not provide the expected protection if you use too little or forget to reapply. Follow these tips before heading outside:

• Apply sunscreen about 15 minutes before sun exposure.
• Cover all skin that clothing will not protect.
• Most adults need about one ounce, or enough to fill a shot glass, to cover exposed areas of the body.
• Remember easy-to-miss areas such as the ears, neck, lips, hands, tops of the feet, hairline and exposed scalp.
• Reapply at least every two hours and immediately after swimming, sweating or drying off with a towel.

Check the UV Index Before You Head Out

You can also check the daily UV Index before making outdoor plans. The index measures the expected strength of UV radiation on a scale from 1 to 11 or higher. As the number rises, so does the risk of harm from unprotected sun exposure.

Sun protection does not have to keep you from enjoying summer. A few simple habits can help prevent painful sunburns, reduce signs of early aging and lower your risk of skin cancer. Find a sunscreen that feels comfortable on your skin, keep it somewhere easy to reach and make it part of your daily routine.

Make Skin Health Part of Your Routine Care

Sun protection is one part of caring for your overall health. During a routine primary care visit, your provider can answer questions about sunscreen, discuss changes in your skin and help you understand when a spot, mole or rash may need a closer look.

Parents can also talk with their child’s pediatric provider about age-appropriate sun protection, especially if their child has sensitive skin or spends a lot of time outdoors.

Prism Health North Texas offers primary care and pediatric services at locations across the Dallas area. Schedule an appointment to get support with preventive care and the everyday health questions that help you and your family stay well.

Sources:

• S. Food and Drug Administration: Sunscreen and Sun Protection
• American Academy of Dermatology: How to Decode a Sunscreen Label
• American Academy of Dermatology: How to Apply Sunscreen
• S. Environmental Protection Agency: UV Index Overview